INVERTEBRATES

The backbone lacking animals are called invertebrates.Based on their structure they are classified into different phyla. The following list contains examples of characters of each phyla and the classification of each invertebrate phylum with examples.

PROTOZOA

• PROTOZOA INTRODUCTION
• PROTOZOA CHARACTERISTICS
• PROTOZOA-CLASSIFICATION
• OSMOREGULATION - HOMEOSTASIS IN PROTOZOA
• PSEUDOPODIA
• FLAGELLUM
• ELPHIDIUM- POLYSTOMELLA -STRUCTURE
• ELPHIDIUM LIFE HISTORY

PORIFERA

• PORIFERA –INTRODUCTION
• PORIFERA CHARACTERISTICS
• PORIFERA- CLASSIFICATION
• PORIFERA – AFFINITIES-SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF SPONGES
• PORIFERA-LARVA –PARENCHYMA -AMPHIBLASTULA LARVA
• GEMMULE IN PORIFERA
• CHOANOCYTES –COLLAR CELLS
• SYCON SPONGE (SCYPHA) STRUCTURE AND ITS CANAL SYSTEM AND NUTRITION.
• CANAL SYSTEM IN SYCON SPONGE
• SYCON-SPONGE- HISTOLOGY
• SYCON SPONGE-SPICULES
• SYCON SPONGE-REPRODUCTION

CNIDARIA

• COELENTERATA -INTRODUCTION
• CNIDARIANS: CHARACTERISTICS-CLASSIFICATION OF PHYLUM COELENTERATA
• POLYMORPHISM IN COELENTERATES
• CORALS-CORAL REEFS
• JELLY FISH-STRUCTURE OF AURELIA
• JELLYFISH CELLS-HISTOLOGY OF AURELIA
• JELLYFISH- SWIMMING, RESPIRATION, NERVOUS SYSTEM
• JELLYFISH NUTRITION
• JELLYFISH REPRODUCTION: AURELIA LIFE HISTORY

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES

• PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES- CHARACTERISTICS
• PLATYHELMINTHES-INTRODUCTION
• PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES-CLASSIFICATION
• PARASITIC ADAPTATIONS IN HELMINTHS
• FASCIOLA HEPATICA-LIVER FLUKE STRUCTURE
• FASCIOLA HEPATICA- LIFE HISTORY
• PLANOCERA-DEVELOPMENT

 ANNELIDA

• ANNELIDA BIOLOGY
• ANNELIDA -CHARACTERS AND CLASSIFICATION
• METAMERISM IN ANNELIDA
• COELOM AND COELOMODUCTS OF ANNELIDA
• TROCHOPHORE LARVA:
• HIRUDINARIA-EXTERNAL CHARACTERS
• HIRUDINARIA-ANOTOMY-
• HIRUDINARIA-DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• HIRUDINARIA-EXCRETORY SYSTEM-NEPHRIDIUM STRUCTURE FUNCTION
• HAEMOCOELOMIC SYSTEM OF HIRUDINARIA
• HIRUDINARIA-NERVOUS SYSTEM SENSE ORGANS
• HIRUDINARIA REPRODUCTION

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

• BIOLOGY OF ARTHROPODA
• PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CHARACTERISTICS- CLASSIFICATION
• ONYCHOPHORA –PERIPATUS-STRUCTURE-AFFINITIES
• CHILOPODA AND DIPLOPODA
• PALAEMON- FRESH WATER PRAWN-STRUCTURE
• PALAEMON (FRESHWATER PRAWN) APPENDAGES
• PALAEMON (PRAWN) DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• PALAEMON- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• PALAEMON- (PRAWN) BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
• PALAEMON (PRAWN) -REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• PALAEMON (PRAWN)-EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• PALAEMON-(PRAWN)- NERVOUS SYSTEM-SENSE ORGANS